Detecting automotive battery aging through frequency response analysis (FRA)

The widespread adoption of new energy vehicles has created significant opportunities for promoting sustainable transportation. However, Battery aging can directly lead to reduced driving range, prolonged charging times, and, in severe cases, safety hazards such as thermal runaway or internal short circuits, posing serious risks to vehicle safety. Therefore, effective detection of battery aging is essential to ensure the reliability and safety of new energy vehicles. This study introduces a battery aging detection technology for new energy vehicles based on Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). FRA is a non-invasive, high-accuracy, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic technique. When battery aging occurs, internal material changes manifest as alterations in the frequency spectrum, which can be captured by FRA to intuitively reveal fault information. Differences in aging severity are reflected in the frequency spectrum, with the spectrum of a healthy battery serving as a reference to evaluate the extent and impact of aging-related faults. In this research, experimental validation was conducted on three batteries with varying degrees of aging. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, providing a novel technical approach for diagnosing battery faults and assessing aging in new energy vehicle batteries.