Sustainable strategies for the management of tomato leaf miner (Phthorimaea absoluta) (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Ethiopia

The tomato leaf miner (Phthorimaea absoluta) (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a devastating pest of tomatoes in Africa, Asia and Europe and South America. It is believed that the tomato leaf miner entered Ethiopia in 2012 through the northern part of the country via Sudan. The pest has since established itself and causes significant losses to tomato production in both field and greenhouse conditions. Various studies have been conducted to identify and recommend the best management options for tomato leaf miner in Ethiopia. These studies have included screening of synthetic insecticides, biological control agents, and pheromone trapping. Despite the promising results of some biocontrol agents, none of them are currently registered or available for use in Ethiopia. Furthermore, reports indicate that tomato leaf miners in Ethiopia have developed resistance to several classes of commonly used insecticides. Therefore, integrated management of tomato leaf miners is essential to alleviate the damage, avoid/slowdown insecticide resistance, and reduce the negative impacts of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment. Further research is needed to screen botanical, indigenous biocontrol agents and investigate combined management strategies for tomato leaf miners in Ethiopia.