Exploring the challenges in mega transport projects through structural equation modelling: a sustainable development approach

Purpose Mega transport projects (MTPs) present intricate challenges throughout the processes of planning, appraising and managing, with environmental, social and economic impacts that often extend beyond the immediate project boundaries. If these challenges are overlooked, then they can undermine the very sustainable development goals that such projects aim to achieve. However, current research has not extensively examined the influence of these challenges on sustainable development principles (SDPs). The purpose of this study is to address this gap by identifying key challenges in MTPs and examining their influence on SDPs. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of 163 papers was first conducted to identify challenges in MTPs, which were then validated through a two-round Delphi survey with industry experts. Following a pilot test to refine the questionnaire, a structured survey was administered to professionals actively engaged in transport megaprojects in India, yielding 127 completed responses that were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings The results of structural equation modelling analysis show best fitted measurement model with 18 MTP challenges acting as indicators of six latent variables that impact sustainability principles, including challenges with project appraisal, social injustice, collaborative decision-making, environmental and occupational concerns, environmental impact assessment process and capacity building. The structural model shows that “transparency issues in decision-making”, “pollutants emission” and “monitoring and auditing deficiency” indicators are the leading indicators impacting SDPs with path coefficient values of 0.94, 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Originality/value This study contributes to the academic discussion on megaprojects sustainability by identifying key challenges and calling for a shift towards socio-ecological resilience and equity. Importantly, this study offers practical guidance for policymakers and practitioners to overcome these challenges through inclusive appraisals capturing socio-ecological costs, equitable resettlement and stakeholder engagement, improved environmental impact assessment via life cycle and big data tools, green construction practices and capacity building through incentives and training.