Histological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents: a ten-year review

Background: Breast lesions in children and adolescents exhibit varying patterns and diagnostic distributions. Understanding the relationship between age, specimen type, and histopathological diagnosis is essential for optimising clinical management and guiding diagnostic approaches. This study aims to examine the breast tissues collected in this age group, as well as the histological diagnoses and biological behaviours of the lesions. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the histology of breast lesions and the distribution of diagnoses across two age groups (10–14 and 15–19 years). Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess statistical associations, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Fibroadenoma was the most prevalent diagnosis, accounting for 76.8% of cases of excised lumps. The two trucut biopsies showed a malignant (B5b) and an atypical (B3) lesion. Fibrocystic change increased with age, peaking at 12.4% in the 15–19 years category. Malignant and atypical breast lesions were rare but present across different age groups. The proportion of fibroadenomas was higher in the older age group, at 77.2%, compared to 68%. Conclusion: This study highlights fibroadenoma as the predominant breast lesion among adolescents and young adults. Malignant lesions were seen in this age group, albeit rarely, justifying the need to histologically examine all breast lesions, even in the very young. The significance of increasing age underscores the need for age-specific diagnostic approaches and the selection of appropriate specimens for accurate histopathological evaluation. Early detection and monitoring of atypical and malignant lesions remain crucial for optimal clinical management.