An integrated TISM and MICMAC approach to adolescent perceptions of sexual education in India

Sex education supports adolescents in building healthy relationships and managing reproductive health. Studies show that sex education programmes can be effective, but they often ignore the substantial challenges such programmes face in India. These challenges include cultural taboos, fear of controversy, and concerns about morality among parents, teachers, and adolescents. These challenges hinder the successful delivery of accurate information, thus making it harder for programmes to succeed. Research in various countries identifies factors that outline adolescents’ views, attitudes, and habits about the delivery of sex education. This study aims to create a comprehensive model to understand these factors concerning adolescents in India. The study uses TISM and MICMAC analysis to understand the elements that influence and drive the perceptions of adolescents. The study finds eight factors that are influencing adolescents. Open communication and a supportive attitude from parents impact the dependent factor, i.e. acceptance of the need for sex education.