Study of germination traits of two bean species (Pachyrhizus erosus) and (Phaseolus vulgaris) to fertilizer treatments under drought stress

Introduction: Germination and seedling emergence are among the most critical developmental stages in crop plants, significantly influencing subsequent growth stages in the field.These traits are directly linked to seed vigor and potential.The application of organic and biofertilizers can enhance seed and seedling vigor, enabling them to withstand environmental stresses such as drought and aridity.To investigate this, the effects of drought stress and fertilizer treatments o vulgaris L.) and Yam (Pachyrhizus erosus Materials and methods: The seeds of drought stress (0, -6, -9, and -12 bar) and four fertilizer treatments: control (no fertilizer), optimal biological fertilizer (EM), optimal organic vinasse fertilizer, and a combination of biol optimal levels).A factorial experiment was conducted replications at the University of Shahrekord during the 2022Results: The results revealed that the triple interaction of plant species, fertilizer treatments, and drought stress had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, shoot and radicle length, as well as fresh and dry weights of shoots and Yam species treated with combined fertilizers exhibited the highest mean values for germination percentag (100%), germination rate (42.5 seeds/day), seed vigor index (8.55),shoot length (5.66 cm), shoot fresh weight (0.69 g), shoot dry weight (0.12 g), radicle fresh weight (0.77 g), and radicle dry weight (0.1 Under moderate drought stress (-9 bar), the mean radicle length of was 6.33 cm. Conclusion:In this study, the application of fertilizer treatments enhanced greater tolerance to water stress conditions and reduced water potential, while drought stress treatments led to a decline in the examined traits in both bean species.However, the compared to the red bean, making it a more suitable option for cultivation under drought stress conditions