3-D Polarized Spatial Scattering Modulation

In this paper, a novel three-dimensional polarized spatial scattering modulation (3-D PSSM), which exploits the available degrees of freedom in the spatial scattering path domain and polarization domain to increase spectral efficiency, is proposed for uplink millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system. At the receiver, considering the non-orthogonality of the array vectors, a whitening filter based on optimal maximum likelihood detection (MLD) is designed and applied to detect received signals. A tight union upper bound (UUB) on the average bit error probability (ABEP) is derived in a closed-form. Furthermore, a simplified UUB on the ABEP is derived for fast evaluation of the system. And the tightness of the derived UUBs is validated via Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, the 3-D PSSM system under imperfect channel state information (CSI) is investigated. Finally, the ABEP performance of the 3-D PSSM is analyzed in typical indoor propagation environments. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed 3-D PSSM system outperforms the conventional three-dimensional spatial scattering modulation (3-D SSM) system and the two-dimensional (2-D) PSSM system, which is considerably degraded due to indiscernible scattering paths.