Extension of the Complex Dissipating Energy Flow Method for Sub/Super-Synchronous Oscillation Source Location

The Complex Dissipating Energy Flow (CDEF) method for locating sources of forced oscillations (FOs) has a solid theoretical foundation and has shown very good performance applied to low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) associated with synchronous generators. The CDEF method is successfully applied in ISO New England and uses phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. However, traditional PMU measurements may be inaccurate within the frequency range of subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) associated with inverter-based resources (IBRs). In this paper, we present an extension of the CDEF method for locating the source of SSO, which we call SSO-CDEF. The SSO-CDEF is based on point-on-wave (POW) measurements and explicitly accounts the contribution of sub- and super-synchronous oscillations. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in IEEE 14-bus model with grid following and grid forming inverters and using EMT simulation results as synthetic POW measurements.