Review on the implementation of rotation/curvature correction function in the RANS model in predicting highly swirling flows

The implementation of rotation and curvature correction functions in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models has significantly enhanced the accuracy of turbulence predictions in complex flows, which contains strong curvature or system rotation. The conventional turbulence models, i.e. k-?, k-?, Spalart-Allmaras and k-? SST, have limitations in accurately capturing the flow phenomena influenced by system rotation and streamline curvature. To overcome these deficiencies, various modifications have been proposed, including the Spalart-Shur and Smirnov-Menter corrections, which have been applied to eddy-viscosity models (EVMs). This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development, implementation, and performance of rotation/curvature corrections in RANS models, with a focus on their application to swirling flow such as cyclone separators and curved channels. By comparing results of the modified EVMs and conventional models against experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data, this study highlights the impact of these corrections on improving the model accuracy while maintaining convenient computational cost. The results showed that modified provide a practical balance between numerical accuracy and computational cost, particularly in industrial applications that involve highly swirling flow or strong curvatures.