Optimizing Performance and Exhaust Emission of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Running on Fuel Additives with Variable Loads: An Experimental Investigation

Saudi Arabia is dedicated to sustainable development and clean energy. It uses cutting-edge approaches to address energy-related issues, including the circular carbon economy and a more varied energy mix. For Saudi Arabia to achieve its Vision 2030 goal of having a net zero future by 2060, sustainability is essential. By addressing the energy and climate issues of the modern world with responsibility and innovation, Vision 2030 is turning into a global role model for the transition to a sustainable future. The current study, which presents an experimental analysis of a diesel engine's performance and exhaust emissions mainly running on waste cooking oil (WCO), plays a crucial role in this transition. The engine type utilized is a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine with constant speed and natural aspiration. The research was done on the engine's performance and emission parameters when fueled with two blends. The first is a mixture of 10% butanol, 70% diesel, 10% WCO, and 10% diethyl ether (D85B5W5DD5), while the second is a mixture of 5% butanol, 85% diesel, 5% WCO, and 5% diethyl ether (D85B5W5DD5). The study's findings demonstrated that engine emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and carbon monoxide (CO) varied significantly depending on the applied load. The brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure were all impacted by load change. Also, the engine emissions change considerably with the engine load.