Analysis of Gas Fuel Use in Nigeria's Transport Sector, Risks and Safety Considerations

Abstract Nigeria's transportation sector is heavily reliant on petroleum products, with diesel and petrol accounting for the majority of fuel consumption. However, recent developments such as the removal of petrol subsidies, volatile global oil prices, recurrent fuel scarcity, rising petrol costs, and the increasing need to address environmental concerns, particularly greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels, have created significant challenges for public and private transport operators. As a response, alternative fuels such as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) have emerged as viable options. This study evaluates the current state of adoption of gas fuels in Nigeria's transport sector, analyzing their economic, environmental, and safety implications. It further examines the technical properties of CNG, its benefits, risks, emissions profile, and effects on engine performance. Employing mathematical modeling and numerical simulation approach, the research forecasts the transition from conventional fuels to gas fuels and its effects on emissions and fleet composition over time. Drawing insights from recent industry developments, news reports, and global case studies, the paper identifies major barriers to adopting natural gas vehicles and explore the potential for large-scale implementation in Nigeria. The findings reveal that CNG offers several advantages over both diesel and petrol, including notable reductions in emissions, costs, and reliance on imported petroleum products. This paper examines the feasibility of adopting gas fuels as alternative fuels in Nigeria's transport sector, with a particular focus on compressed natural gas (CNG) and the adoption of Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs).