Examination of Copper Oxide’s Effect on the RE-BT-CuO Composite’s Dielectric Properties

A composite material made of Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) and Barium Titanate (BT) particles in powder form, with different quantities dispersed within an epoxy resin (RE) matrix, has been prepared. The time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) bench and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) calculated using the Samulon approach are used to obtain the dielectric permittivity spectrum in the frequency band up to 3 GHz. The results obtained confirm that the permittivity of the composite can be predicted by the Lichtenecker law and the grain effect highlighted by the form factor of the modified Lichtenecker formula. The alternating current (AC) conductivity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">AC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> depends on frequency, fits Jonsher’s behavior law, and shows a plateau in the low-frequency range. An increase in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">AC</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> was observed as the frequency increased. The static conductivity is affected by the volume fraction of CuO. The impedance spectra exhibit both grain and grain-border effects. The high concentration of CuO also confirms the grain effect on conductivity. The manufactured dielectric composites exhibit great stability as a function of frequency, which is essential in radio frequency (RF) and microwave applications, next-generation communication systems, radars, aerospace applications, antennas, RF filters, substrates, and modern wireless technologies.