The concept of a technological system for the treatment and using rainwater in swimming pool installations
This study introduces and validates the “SwimmInRain” system, a technological solution for rainwater treatment in public swimming pool installations. Laboratory experiments and analytical evaluations focused on optimizing process components, with special attention to UV-based advanced oxidation. Raw rainwater often exhibited turbidity (1.67 ± 0.1 NTU) and pH (6.04 ± 0.1) values outside acceptable ranges, prompting the development of a multistage treatment system. The complete technology includes filtration, separation of petroleum substances, coagulation, mechanical filtration, UV disinfection, chlorination, and pH correction. Medium-pressure UV lamps, particularly the TQ-Z3 model, showed superior effectiveness in degrading organic micropollutants. Removal efficiency was influenced by UV dose and exposure time. Post-treatment water quality improved significantly, with total organic carbon reduced by up to 35.7 %. Combined chlorine concentrations were also minimized, indicating fewer disinfection by-products. The “SwimmInRain” system offers an environmentally sound method for reusing rainwater in swimming pools, aligning with sustainability goals and ensuring safe, cost-effective water management. • SwimmInRain enables safe and sustainable rainwater reuse in public swimming pool installations. • The system reduces operating costs, improving access to public pools and lowering maintenance needs. • Medium-pressure UV lamps showed high efficiency in degrading organic micropollutants. • Lab results confirm the system’s effectiveness in supporting sustainable urban water strategies.
Authors
- Katarzyna Brukało (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-8611)
- Anna Lempart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7524-1277)
- Rafał Rapacewicz
- Edyta Kudlek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-1996)
Institutions
- Silesian University of Technology (PL)
- Medical University of Silesia (PL)
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (PL)
- University of Silesia in Katowice (PL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Cleaner Engineering and Technology
- Published
- 2025-08-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2025.101066
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.80
Funders
- Ministry of Education and Science
- National Center for Research and Development