Exploring Bullying Factors and the Positive Roles of Teachers and Students in Pesantren

The bullying phenomenon in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) has received serious attention, considering that Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions based on religious and moral values. This study aims to explore the factors causing bullying and understand the role of positive relationships between teachers and students in preventing and handling bullying cases in Islamic boarding schools. This study used a qualitative approach with an exploratory method at the An Najah Denanyar Islamic Boarding School in Jombang. Informants consisted of four teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, which were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results showed that the factors causing bullying were divided into two categories: intimidation (lack of social awareness, peer influence, arrogance, etc.) and victimization (physical condition, low social skills, etc.). A positive teacher-student relationship was proven to have a preventive and curative role against bullying behavior. This relationship strategy includes teacher characteristics such as affection and role models, and implementing a supportive approach both inside and outside the classroom. This study recommends the importance of fostering healthy interpersonal relationships in Islamic boarding schools to create a safe learning atmosphere and support the moral development of students.