Air Force Combatives: An Examination of Self-Efficacy and Delivery of Women into Combat Roles

This study examines students’ development of self-efficacy in gender-integrated versus segregated combatives training at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research compares self-efficacy changes in cadets who participated in gender-segregated (2017) and gender-integrated (2018) combatives classes. Quantitative data, collected through pre- and post-test combat-specific self-efficacy scales, were analyzed to assess changes by training type and gender. Qualitative data, gathered from interviews and field notes, were thematically examined to understand cadet experiences in the integrated setting. Results indicate that combatives training improves participants’ combat self-efficacy, particularly when courses are gender integrated. Furthermore, the study identified three key themes—experiencing new emotions, developing interpersonal skills, and facing stress together—which likely contribute to both self-efficacy and the perceived legitimacy of the warrior role among male and female cadets. Findings support the efficacy of gender-integrated combatives training and offer insights for effectively preparing women for combat roles.