An Experimental Framework for UUV and USV Collaborative Operations

Unmanned marine vehicles are increasingly used for inspection, maintenance, and repair tasks on offshore infrastructure. To reach demands, further research is needed to enhance autonomy and operational efficiency at a reduced cost. This paper presents an experimental framework designed to enhance the autonomy of collaborative operations between unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), focused on the realistic replication of environmental factors. An analysis of environmental effects and existing testing facilities reveals a gap in replicating turbidity, temperature, and salinity in large-scale basins. It is concluded that designing a dedicated experimental framework for collaborative UUV and USV operations requires balancing space for surface and underwater testing while accounting for environmental and physical effects. Due to this trade-off, no universal solution exists. Instead, modular or multi-tank setups may offer the flexibility needed to adapt to specific testing requirements.