Generalized Method on Radio Vortices Generation Via TMn1 Resonance

Orbital angular momentum (OAM)-carrying radio vortices have garnered increasing research interest in communication due to their significant potential for enhancing spectral efficiency and increasing system capacity. This paper proposes a novel utilization of TMn1 resonances, ubiquitously existing in microwave resonant structures, for generating highpurity OAM wavefronts in next-generation wireless communication systems. A theoretical formulation is developed through analytical modeling of ring and circular patch configurations, establishing the fundamental relationship between structural features and OAM state generation. The proposed methodology is validated through comprehensive full-wave electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements, with good agreement observed between theoretical predictions and practical implementations. The results demonstrate that strategically engineered TMn1 resonant structures can effectively function as compact OAM radiators, achieving efficient emission of pure OAM states through innovative polarization manipulation strategies including dual-orthogonal feeding mechanisms and strategic structural perturbations. This investigation provides new insights into the practical implementation of OAM antennas for emerging high-capacity wireless applications such as police unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks.