Blockchain-Integrated IoT for Sustainable Supply Chain Management: A Decentralized Implementation Approach

This research provides the significance of integrating block chain and IoT in sustainable supply chain management with the principles of decentralization, transparency and efficiency. With its decentralized nature, blockchain helps improve supply chain traceability and fraud detection, as well as data integrity and centralized system risk mitigation. The study investigates essential performance measures such as transaction validation time, energy cost, communication overhead, and operational cost. The results show that although blockchain involves computational overhead, its long-term benefits (less fraud, better logistics, lower CO₂ emissions) outweigh the initial costs. It explores the balance between decentralization and performance, and identifies permissioned blockchains as scalable with the concerns. In its entirety, IoT with blockchain technology enables an entirely new mechanism of supply network management, sustainability, security, efficiency, and supply chain optimization in today's world of dissolving the boundaries between supply chain and Internet.