Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage for Standalone Photovoltaic Systems Under Cloudy Days

The implementation of renewable energy in remote areas is crucial but faces significant challenges, particularly due to energy storage issues. Solar and wind energy systems often experience production fluctuations, which accelerate battery degradation. This study proposes a hybrid battery-supercapacitor energy storage system to address these challenges. By employing an active control mechanism, the system stabilizes battery currents and minimizes unnecessary charge-discharge cycles caused by intermittent solar energy production. Leveraging the supercapacitor's fast charge-discharge capabilities, the hybrid setup effectively absorbs and compensates for excess energy. Simulations conducted using MATLAB Simulink on a cloudy day confirm the system's performance. The results demonstrate significant improvements compared to conventional battery-only setups, including reduced charge-discharge cycles, extended battery lifespan, and enhanced energy system stability. This solution provides a sustainable and efficient approach to overcoming renewable energy storage challenges in isolated systems.