Backscattering Coefficients Modeling for Glacier in Microwave Remote Sensing

Modeling glacier stable region backscatter coefficients is an important research area in microwave remote sensing. We have developed a theoretical model for glacier backscattering coefficients, incorporating three key backscatter contributions-Fresnel reflection, geometric optics scattering, and small object rough surface scattering-to reference for in-orbit satellite calibration. By explicitly correlating the backscatter with the incident angle and surface roughness parameters, the model provides clear physical significance and facilitates the retrieval of geophysical parameters, such as glacier thickness and roughness. Using data-driven fitting and validation against satellite measurements, we demonstrate the model's simplicity, accuracy, and stability, underscoring its practical value for external calibration applications.