Coaxial Probe Fed Pentaband Koch-Minkowski Hybrid fractal antenna for Wireless applications

In this work, a hybrid fractal antenna design is proposed using basic hexagonal shaped patch with Koch and Minkowski hybrid fractal structures. Multiband operation and size reduction is achieved in this coaxial probe fed novel design by implementing a hybrid fractal structure comprising of Koch-Minkowski on each side of hexagonal patch for up to two iterations. Further, to match the impedance and achieve sufficient gain at resonant frequencies, two slots of similar Koch fractal curves arranged side by side are carved on the proposed antenna structure. The overall dimensions of antenna are 48 mm x 48 mm. IFS approach has been utilized to obtain the proposed fractal structure and the design is simulated in HFSS simulator. The designed antenna exhibits multiband operation at frequencies 2.76 GHz, 3.98 GHz, 5.43 GHz, 6.85 GHz and 7.03 GHz with return loss values of -13.72 dB, -25.29 dB, -19.91 dB, -14.87 dB and -15.56 dB respectively, making it extremely appropriate for different wireless applications such as telecommunications, radar systems, satellite communication, fixed wireless broadband services and 5G networks. The proposed antenna structure possesses good radiation characteristics and is exhibiting VSWR less than 2 for all resonant frequencies.