Assessment of Uncertainty Sources in the Calibration Process of Carbon Emissions Monitoring Device and Performance Evaluation Using Reliable Reference Materials

Precise carbon emission monitoring is essential for tackling climate change and supporting environmental policies. Devices that measure gases like CO2 and CO are key tools in both industrial and environmental settings. However, to ensure their accuracy, it is important to understand and minimize all possible sources of uncertainty. This study evaluates the performance of these monitoring devices by analyzing uncertainty factors using Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) prepared according to ISO 6142 [1], ISO 6143 [2], and ISO 17034 [3]. The CRMs were selected to reflect the full operating range of the devices, ensuring realistic testing conditions. Uncertainty analysis was carried out with full adherence to standards to ensure reliable laboratory results. The evaluation included key factors such as calibration accuracy, CRM certificate uncertainty, device repeatability, and measurement precision. Sensitivity to small concentration changes and linearity of response were also assessed through calibration curves. All findings were benchmarked against international requirements to ensure consistency, traceability, and confidence in the data.