Interface-driven Pd–Ag–Cu/C nanocomposites with increased oxygen reduction reaction kinetics

Highly dispersed Pd₃Ag_0.5Cu_0.5/C nanocomposites with enhanced catalytic activity and stability were synthesized <i>via</i> a solvothermal method. Structural characterization confirms the formation of a multimetallic nanocomposite consisting of well-distributed Pd, Ag and Cu domains on the carbon support. The close proximity of these metal domains facilitates interface-driven electronic modulation, which contributes to improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. Electrochemical analyses, including CV and LSV, demonstrate that Pd₃Ag_0.5Cu_0.5/C exhibits a high current density (-5.84 mA cm^-2), an early onset potential (0.94 V <i>vs.</i> RHE) and a favorable half-wave potential (0.80 V <i>vs.</i> RHE), outperforming other synthesized electrocatalysts. The enhanced ORR performance is attributed to the robust structural integrity, uniform dispersion of active sites and strong interaction with the carbon support. The catalyst also displays excellent methanol tolerance and long-term durability, underscoring its potential as a promising Pt-free alternative for practical fuel cell applications.