Essential Oils from <i>Cinnamomum longepaniculatum</i> : A Review of Their Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Actions, Applications, and Technology

Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li is an endemic tree specie mainly found in Asia. Its essential oils are prominently rich in eucalyptol and are widely used as raw materials in various industries. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how processing methods, growth environments, phenological stages, and varieties influence the composition of C. longepaniculatum essential oils, as well as their biological activities and the key challenges related to their extraction, processing, and application. The findings indicate that trees aged over 11 years and cultivated on sun-facing slopes exhibit higher essential oil yields. Mature leaves, rather than tender ones, are optimal for oil extraction, and the Yibin variety contains significantly more essential oil than other known varieties. Furthermore, the essential oils of C. longepaniculatum demonstrate multiple biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anxiolytic effects. In conclusion, improving processing methods and optimizing cultivation strategies are crucial for enhancing essential oil yield and quality. This work aims to provide a clearer scientific basis to support further research and technical innovation, and sustainable utilization of C. longepaniculatum essential oils.