A peek behind the curtain: spatial distribution of Neolithic plaster ware in indoor contexts at Tell Sabi Abyad, Northern Syria

Plaster ware (PW) is a relatively overlooked category of Neolithic artefacts. Commonly known for its use in architectural features, plaster is less recognised for its use in the creation of portable containers. This study examines the distribution, typology and use of PW at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria, a well-stratified site where PW has been present from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) period (7100 cal. BC) to the Halaf period (5900–5300 BCE), peaking during the Early Pottery Neolithic (EPN) (6700–6250 cal. BC) period. It focuses on the distribution of PW in indoor contexts. The result revealed clear patterns in the distribution of PW vessel types over time. Initially, PW was used exclusively outdoors but gradually shifted towards indoor applications. Spatial analysis indicates PW’s use for both long-term storage and daily use. PW was closely associated with items like grinding tools (e.g. slabs, grinders, mortars and pestles), strongly suggesting a connection to food processing. As a heavy and dense material, it was often semi-stationary and directly linked to specific areas. PW as a domestic marker offers new insights into the lives of Neolithic people, highlighting the importance of connecting material with space and activity. These findings contribute to the research on the material culture and domestic practices of Neolithic societies.