Epidemiological Study of Traumatized Patients Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in the Southern Region of Brazil

Objective: Analyze and correlate data collected on different types of trauma treated in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological analysis of 424 trauma-related appointments in a tertiary reference hospital in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. This study analyzed data on patients seen from 2019 to 2020 in an orthopedic medical residency service and aimed at an epidemiological profile of the patients, types of traumas, age groups and lesion patterns. Results: The results showed that most traumas were due to falls from standing height (45.24%). Distal radius fractures were the most prevalent (total of 21.98%; 5.6% in children and 16.37% in adults). In general, most of the cases of trauma were adult patients aged between 30 and 40 years (13.91%) and were caused by high-energy accidents. Furthermore, the patients were mostly men, totaling 252 patients and 59.43% of the total number of cases. When it comes to the elderly population, the traumatic injuries commonly affect the hip (trochanteric, subtrochanteric, and femoral neck fractures), and also affect the wrist (distal radius fractures). Conclusions: The trauma maintains a similar pattern and characteristics in body injuries according to the type of accidents, age group and the epidemiological profile of a region, which demonstrates the need to develop protocols to better serve trauma patients.