Mechanical, Rheological, and Tribological Behavior of an In Situ Silica‐Reinforced Experimental Dental Composite: A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT In restorative dentistry, dental composites are extensively employed owing to their advantageous mechanical and aesthetic features. However, achieving an optimal balance between handling properties and long‐term durability remains a challenge. This study compares the rheological and tribological properties of an experimental dental composite reinforced with in situ silica and a commercial composite prepared by conventional methods. Rheological tests were conducted to evaluate pre‐polymerization handling behavior, while tribological tests assessed post‐polymerization durability. Results revealed that the experimental composite exhibited enhanced thixotropic behavior, facilitating improved clinical handling. Elastic recovery tests showed that it restored its internal structure 38% faster after deformation compared to the commercial composite. Tribological analysis revealed a lower COF (0.015 vs. 0.016) and a 10% reduction in wear rate under a 20 N load, demonstrating superior resistance to mechanical wear. These findings suggest that the in situ silica‐reinforced composite provides improved handling and durability, making it a promising candidate for restorative dental applications.