Permanent Deformation Analysis of Modified Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Mixtures Using Wheel Tracking Machine

The issue of permanent deformation (rutting) on pavement layers, particularly in high-traffic load areas such as toll gates, is one of the main causes of premature damage to road infrastructure in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixtures modified by the addition of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) polymer, along with industrial waste materials such as fly ash as filler and bottom ash as fine aggregate. The method used is an experimental laboratory approach involving a series of tests, including material characterization, the Marshall Test to determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), and further testing using the Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM) to assess the asphalt mixture’s resistance to repeated loading-induced deformation. The results show that the addition of EVA and FABA (fly ash and bottom ash) improves Marshall stability and reduces permanent deformation compared to conventional mixtures. The modified mixture demonstrates higher dynamic stability, indicating better rutting resistance at elevated temperatures. In addition to enhancing technical performance, the use of fly ash and bottom ash contributes to waste reduction and supports the application of sustainable development principles in civil engineering. Therefore, this combination of modified materials holds great potential as an alternative for stronger, more durable, and environmentally friendly pavement materials.