Integrative Review of Visuospatial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents a wide range of symptoms, categorized into motor and nonmotor subtypes. Among these, nonmotor symptoms such as visuospatial dysfunction (VD) are receiving increasing attention due to their significant impact on quality of life. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the effects of VD on the lives of individuals with PD and examine its correlations. METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as the websites of leading related organizations. Inclusion criteria encompassed thematic relevance and texts available in Portuguese, Spanish, or English. Exclusion criteria included review articles, single case reports, and other unrelated materials. RESULTS: A total of 1,442 records were identified between 1984 and 2021. Following an evaluation of titles and abstracts, 110 articles were selected for further review. A second round of assessment yielded 88 articles. Nonexperimental data were also included. CONCLUSIONS: VD is correlated with rigid-akinetic symptoms and symptoms lateralized to the left side. Evidence indicates an association with sleep disturbances and dysautonomia, which may negatively affect motor function. The relationship between PD and VD appears to be significant and exists independently of global cognitive deficits. Thus, it is imperative to deepen and disseminate knowledge on this topic.