Evolution of government employment support in the context of changing U.S. energy priorities

The article analyzes the evolution of government employment support in the United States amid changing energy priorities from 2009 to 2025. It examines shifts in labor policy associated with the transition from a “green growth” agenda to “energy dominance” and back, focusing on the concept of a just energy transition. Particular attention is given to key initiatives of the Biden administration, including the Inflation Reduction Act, which allocates substantial investments to green industry, infrastructure, and workforce retraining. The article explores institutional support mechanisms such as the establishment of the Green Bank and partnerships with labor unions. It also addresses the challenges in implementing these measures, including skill mismatches, regional concentration of investments, weak intergovernmental coordination, and limited coverage of vulnerable population groups. The consequences of the rollback of the green agenda in 2025 are analyzed, marked by the suspension of federal programs and growing social and regional inequality. The article concludes that persistent structural barriers continue to hinder the development of a sustainable and inclusive employment model in the context of the energy transition.