Resiliensi Orangtua dengan Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder: Literature Review

Achieving resilience for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a process that takes varying amounts of time and often takes a long time for each individual. Resilience, defined as the ability to bounce back and adapt positively in the face of stress, plays a crucial role in determining the quality of parenting provided to children with ASD. Parents with high levels of resilience tend to be more patient, consistent, and adaptive in addressing the challenges of child development. This study aims to identify factors influencing the development of resilience and the challenges parents face in this process. The method used is a literature review by examining 10 journal articles published in the 2018–2023 period that are relevant to the topic. The results of the review indicate two main categories of factors influencing resilience: internal and external factors. Internal factors include the ability to regulate emotions, self-confidence, self-disclosure, empathy, the ability to analyze causality, positive thinking, optimism for the future, self-acceptance, and spiritual belief in God. External factors include social support from partners, family, friends, the community, and the surrounding environment, which provide a sense of security and motivation. Challenges faced by parents include psychological stress due to the demands of caregiving, limited access to intervention services, social stigma, and economic hardship. In conclusion, parental resilience significantly impacts parenting strategies and the development of children with ASD. Therefore, interventions that focus on strengthening internal factors and optimizing external support are essential to help parents achieve greater resilience. This research is expected to serve as a reference for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in designing comprehensive support programs for families with children with ASD.