Physico-Chemical Analysis of Ginger Oil Extraction with Adsorbed Used Cooking Oil and Its Utilization as Traditional Massage Oil

Used cooking oil is a waste product with potential for value-added applications, one of which is as a solvent for extracting ginger oil. Ginger contains essential oils with anti-inflammatory properties, but the oil yield is relatively low, requiring an efficient extraction method where the solvent does not need to be separated, like used cooking oil. Simultaneously, leaf waste can be converted into activated charcoal to adsorb impurities from used oil, enhancing its suitability for extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of used oil treated with activated charcoal from leaf waste and its effectiveness in extracting ginger oil. The treated oil was used in solvent extraction of ginger rhizomes, followed by organoleptic evaluation, physico-chemical analysis, anti-inflammatory testing, and GC-MS profiling. The results showed that the optimal ratio of ginger to adsorbed used cooking oil was 1:1, yielding a gingerol content of 11.6%, camphene 3.75%, and eucalyptol 6.79%. This formulation demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect of 59.18%, comparable to that of pure ginger oil, with a contact time of 4.55 hours and a first-order reaction rate.