Development of an IoT-based Monitoring System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Health in Paddy Fields

The agricultural sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane, due to anaerobic conditions in paddy soils. Effective monitoring of these emissions is critical for climate change mitigation and sustainable agricultural practices. This study developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for real-time monitoring of methane emissions and soil health. The system integrated advanced sensors: RS-CH4-X-2-EX for methane detection, CWT-BL-ORP-2K-S for redox potential measurement, and QC-S8 for soil chemical analysis. The design process focused on creating a user-friendly platform capable of providing continuous and accurate data. Field testing evaluated the system’s performance under flooded paddy field conditions. The RS-CH4-X-2-EX sensor demonstrated high precision (±2%) and rapid detection (<10 seconds), accurately capturing methane concentration dynamics. The CWT-BL-ORP-2K-S sensor effectively monitored redox potential with stable readings in anaerobic environments, while the QC-S8 sensor provided detailed information on soil moisture, nutrients, and pH levels, critical for precision agriculture. The sensors were seamlessly integrated into an IoT platform, allowing remote data access and real-time visualization, enhancing decision-making for sustainable farming. This system offers a cost-effective and scalable approach for monitoring GHG emissions and improving soil health, enabling more efficient resource use, increased productivity, and reduced environmental impacts.