METABOLIC CHANGES AND ENERGY SUPPLY MECHANISMS OCCURRING IN THE BODY DURING SPORTS ACTIVITY: ROLE OF ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC PROCESSES

The study of metabolism and energetic systems during physical activity is important for understanding the biochemical mechanisms governing athletes' performance and recovery processes. The present review discusses the role of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems and their function in regulating energy production and utilization. The pivotal function of energy substrates, including glucose, lactate and fatty acids, in muscle recovery is delineated, along with the significance of fundamental biochemical pathways such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport Chain. The text goes on to discuss the effects of exercise intensity and duration on metabolic responses, as well as research findings on exercise adaptation mechanisms and energy system adaptation. Modern monitoring technologies such as portable lactate meters and biosensors allow athletes to monitor their performance and recovery in real time. Future research will focus on genetic and epigenetic influences, molecular biomarkers and environmental factors.