Photo-response of the $$N=Z$$ nucleus 28Si below 13.0 MeV

Abstract The electric E 1 and magnetic M 1 dipole responses of the $$N=Z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nucleus 28 Si were investigated in a nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment at the ELBE accelerator of the Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The investigated energy range extends to 13.0 MeV, which corresponds to the kinetic energy of the electrons that were used to produce the unpolarised bremsstrahlung in the entrance channel of the 28 Si( $$\gamma ,\gamma ^{\prime }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) reaction. The bremsstrahlung photons excited three $$J^{\pi }=1^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , seven $$J^{\pi }=1^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and several $$J^{\pi }=2^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> states. De-excitation $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> rays were detected using the four high-purity germanium detectors of the $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ELBE setup. The excellent background conditions allowed to identify nine previously unobserved $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -ray transitions. In the investigated energy region of up to 13.0 MeV a total $$\sum _i B(M1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^+_i)= 5.0(3)~\mu _N^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.0</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> strength is firmly observed with a possible addition of $$B(M1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^+_i) \le 0.14~\mu _N^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from levels for which the data allows to establish only an upper limit. Furthermore, below 13 MeV this $$N=Z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nucleus exhibits a marginal isoscalar E 1 strength of $$\sum _i B(E1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^-)= 2.6(3) \times 10^{-3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>

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Journal
The European Physical Journal A
Published
2025-08-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01647-w
Primary Topic
Nuclear physics research studies
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article
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article

Photo-response of the $$N=Z$$ nucleus 28Si below 13.0 MeV

R. Chapman, D. Kocheva, R. Schwengner, Anup Yadav et al.
The European Physical Journal A
Nuclear physics research studies
article

Photo-response of the $$N=Z$$ nucleus 28Si below 13.0 MeV

R. Chapman, D. Kocheva, R. Schwengner, Anup Yadav, P. G. Thirolf, D. O’Donnell, A. Junghans, M. Scheck, A. Wagner, O. Wieland, G. Rainovski, O. Ağar, R. Beyer, K. Gladnishki, K. Römer, K.‐H. Schmidt, D. Savran, F. Zhu, S. Müller, H. Hoffmann, R.-D. Herzberg
article en

Abstract

Abstract The electric E 1 and magnetic M 1 dipole responses of the $$N=Z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nucleus 28 Si were investigated in a nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment at the ELBE accelerator of the Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The investigated energy range extends to 13.0 MeV, which corresponds to the kinetic energy of the electrons that were used to produce the unpolarised bremsstrahlung in the entrance channel of the 28 Si( $$\gamma ,\gamma ^{\prime }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) reaction. The bremsstrahlung photons excited three $$J^{\pi }=1^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , seven $$J^{\pi }=1^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and several $$J^{\pi }=2^+$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> states. De-excitation $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> rays were detected using the four high-purity germanium detectors of the $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ELBE setup. The excellent background conditions allowed to identify nine previously unobserved $$\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -ray transitions. In the investigated energy region of up to 13.0 MeV a total $$\sum _i B(M1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^+_i)= 5.0(3)~\mu _N^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.0</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> strength is firmly observed with a possible addition of $$B(M1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^+_i) \le 0.14~\mu _N^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.14</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> from levels for which the data allows to establish only an upper limit. Furthermore, below 13 MeV this $$N=Z$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> nucleus exhibits a marginal isoscalar E 1 strength of $$\sum _i B(E1, 0^+ \rightarrow 1^-)= 2.6(3) \times 10^{-3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.6</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>

The European Physical Journal AVol. 61(8)
University of Liverpool (GB), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (DE), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (GB), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT), Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University (TR), Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (BG), Technische Universität Dresden (DE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), University of the West of Scotland (GB)
European Commission, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Nuclear Physics
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Nuclear physics research studies
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