Fabrication with Delineation of Benzyl Isothiocyanate Embedded Caseinate Nanovehicles for Enhanced Anticancer Activity Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract Breast cancer, particularly triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) demands innovative treatment strategies such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a potent phytochemical has demonstrated promising anticancer properties. In this study, BITC‐loaded caseinate nanoparticles (BITC‐CS‐NPs) were developed and characterized using the desolvation method. Caseinate (CS), a stabilizing polymer with inherent surfactant properties was used to facilitate the self‐assembly of nanoparticles. Results: BITC‐CS‐NPs were thoroughly characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering for particle size determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, and entrapment efficiency studies. The nanoparticles exhibited good physicochemical stability with a zeta potential of −19 mV and a cumulative drug release of 75.09% over 48 h. In vitro cytotoxicity studies against the 4T1 TNBC cell line revealed significant anticancer activity, with 70.17% cell growth inhibition. Conclusions: These findings establish BITC‐CS‐NPs as a cost‐effective, stable, and easily scalable platform that holds strong potential for TNBC therapy, offering a promising approach to improve treatment outcomes in breast cancer.