<i>Barleria Grandiflora</i> Leaf Extract‐Driven Silver Nanoparticles: Assessment of Their Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity, and Catalysis

Abstract This study focuses on the sustainable and eco‐friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a phytochemicalrich aqueous extract of Barleria grandiflora . The Bg‐AgNPs were thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, FT‐IR, XRD, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and EDX. A distinct surface plasmon resonance band at 425 nm confirmed the successful formation of nanoparticles stabilized by phytochemical constituents. The nanoparticles exhibited an average size of 18 nm and demonstrated high crystallinity. Bg‐AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, with inhibition zones exceeding 11 mm. Additionally, they demonstrated strong antioxidant properties (IC 50 = 16.87 µg/mL) and notable cytotoxic effects on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells (IC 50 = 18.43 µg/mL). Furthermore, Bg‐AgNPs exhibited remarkable catalytic performance in the reduction and degradation of 4‐nitrophenol and methylene blue degradation. These findings highlight their promise as effective antimicrobial agents for applications in the biomedical field.