ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TYPE OF OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH RISKS AMONG MINING INDUSTRY WORKERS

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the sanitary and hygienic working conditions at a mining and processing complex (MPC) in the Karaganda region and the associated occupational morbidity. The main occupational risk factors—dust, gas contamination, noise, vibration, and microclimate—were studied across four production units (Gold Recovery Plant – GRP Phase 3, Gold Recovery Plant – GRP Phase 1, open-pit mine, and auxiliary sections). Concentrations of harmful substances in the workplace air, as well as equivalent levels of noise and vibration, were determined. It was found that dust concentration at GRP Phase 1 (8.0 mg/m³ versus the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 4.0 mg/m³) and hydrogen cyanide vapors (0.46–2.75 mg/m³ versus the standard of 0.3 mg/m³) significantly exceed permissible limits. The average equivalent noise level at GRP Phase 1 was 92 dBA, at GRP Phase 3-88 dBA, and in the open-pit mine – 82 dBA, with heavy dump truck noise levels reaching up to 88 dBA. Exceedances in whole-body vibration levels were recorded at open-pit workstations (adjusted level: 120.5 dB). The calculation of permissible work duration based on dust exposure showed significant limitations in highly dusty areas (less than 30 years of service). Analysis of temporary disability morbidity in 2023 revealed a predominance of respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and injuries: at GRP Phase 3, respiratory diseases ranked first (4.8 cases and 33.3 lost workdays per 100 employees), followed by injuries (2.5 cases and 39.5 lost workdays). Statistically significant differences were identified between production units: the incidence rate at GRP Phase 1 was significantly higher than at GRP Phase 3 (χ² = 9.83, p = 0.0017). Based on the findings, a risk management model and recommendations for reducing occupational risks were developed (improving ventilation, regulating noise exposure, limiting service duration, etc.).