Global burden of hypertensive heart disease attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021: a multidimensional analysis and public health response

HHD resulting from high BMI poses a significant global public health challenge, particularly in regions with middle and low SDI. While the heightened risk among women and older individuals has garnered considerable attention, the increasing risk among younger populations also necessitates greater focus. Targeted interventions should prioritize diet, exercise, medical security, and health education, with particular emphasis on enhancing policy support for low-income and high-risk groups. Future policies must integrate the social, economic, and cultural contexts of each region, implement comprehensive prevention and control strategies, and establish a multi-dimensional health promotion system.