STUDY OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROBABILITY OF THE FORMATION OF A CONGENITAL MALFORMATION OF THE FETUS

Introduction . Congenital fetal developmental anomalies are one of the pressing issues in healthcare due to the prevalence of numerous risk factors, the increase in stressful situations, the uncontrolled intake of medications by pregnant women, as well as the widespread occurrence of bad habits and infectious diseases among the population. Aim. To study the factors influencing the occurrence of congenital fetal anomalies. Materials and methods. During the study, we analyzed data from 697 women who underwent outpatient ultrasound examination during pregnancy. We analyzed the data of 697 women, who were divided into two groups based on the presence of signs of congenital fetal developmental anomalies. The main group included 466 women whose newborns exhibited congenital developmental anomalies either during pregnancy or in the early postnatal period, while the control group consisted of 231 women whose children showed no signs of congenital developmental anomalies either during pregnancy or in the early neonatal period. Results . According to the obtained results, the earliest detection period for congenital fetal anomalies was 24.7±0.9 weeks of pregnancy, which was observed in cases of combined anomalies and central nervous system defects. The earliest detection period for these congenital anomalies was 11.5 weeks, which was the minimum for the entire studied group. Next in order of detection were congenital anomalies of the urinary system at 26.3±1.7 weeks, digestive system anomalies at 27.1±2.0 weeks, and heart and major blood vessel anomalies at 27.7±1.0 weeks of pregnancy. Musculoskeletal system anomalies were detected at 28.1±1.9 weeks, while chromosomal anomaly signs were identified the latest at 29.4±3.2 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion. Thus, the gestational age at which severe developmental anomalies are detected plays a crucial role in further pregnancy management.