Investigating Equestrians' Knowledge, Perceptions, and Experiences with Domestic Horse Oncology

Common equine cancers, such as sarcoids, melanomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, can lead to pain, discomfort, and decreased quality of life, especially if improperly treated. These tumors often affect vital areas like the skin, eyes, and internal organs, impairing mobility and function. The management of equine cancer requires careful consideration of treatment options, many of which may be invasive or costly, and often necessitate long-term care. While incidence rates of different types of cancer are difficult to establish, identifying high-risk individuals is needed as part of clinical decision-making protocol. This study examines equine oncology through a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a survey of equestrians (n = 287), case studies (n = 164), and social media analysis (243 social media posts). The results indicate that equine skin cancers, particularly sarcoids, melanomas, and squamous cell carcinomas, are the most commonly reported among owners regardless of horse age, breed, and sex. Treatment methods, often chosen based on anecdotal evidence, vary widely, with combination therapies perceived as more effective than individual treatments. The study also reveals a concerning trend of equine owners relying on social media for cancer diagnosis and treatment advice, often in lieu of veterinary consultation. This underscores the need for better educational resources and support systems for equine caretakers. The findings highlight the challenges in diagnosing and treating equine cancer, emphasizing the importance of early detection and a multidisciplinary approach to improve equine welfare.