Biomechanical effects of medical compression stockings on limb tissues using 3D finite-element modeling

This study aimed to analyze the mechanical interactions between medical compression stockings (MCSs) and lower limb tissues and assess the interface pressure distribution, stress transfer, and soft tissue deformation. A 3D finite-element modeling (FEM) of the lower limb was developed based on computed tomography (CT) scans incorporating soft tissue and bone structures. MCSs modeled with different pressure levels (class I, II, and III) were simulated using Abaqus software to assess their pressure gradients and internal stress effects. Experimental validation was performed by comparing the simulated interface pressure values with in vivo measurements using a pneumatic pressure transducer system. Contact pressures were highest at the ankle and calf, decreasing toward the thigh, consistent with the expected pressure gradient of the MCSs. Tissues close to the bone were subjected to higher pressure transfer. Soft tissue displacement increased with increasing pressure levels, with the greatest deformations in the posterior medial thigh and calf regions. Insights are provided for optimizing MCSs pressure distribution to improve therapeutic efficacy and comfort.