Hydropneumothorax and Pulmonary Embolism: Two Uncommon Complications of Hydatid Cyst of Liver

Background and Aims: Hydatid cysts in the liver generally remain asymptomatic for years. However, they may rarely enlarge and spontaneously rupture, leading to anaphylaxis and the dissemination of the cyst into the abdominal, pleural, or biliary tract. Methods: Our patient was a middle-aged male who presented with a dual complication of an intrahepatic hydatid cyst rupturing into the inferior vena cava causing pulmonary embolism, and simultaneously rupturing into the pleural cavity, causing hydropneumothorax. Results: The patient was managed with antiprotozoals, anticoagulants and intercostal drain insertion for hydropneumothorax. Conclusion: Cyst rupture is a critical complication of a hydatid cyst. However, this unique presentation of a hepatic hydatid cyst needs awareness and attention from the medical fraternity for its early identification and optimal management.