Mitigating Orbital Debris

The exponential growth of orbital debris poses a critical threat to operational satellites, human spaceflight, and future space missions. With increasing congestion in low Earth orbit and beyond, space agencies and private industries are developing active debris removal (ADR) and mitigation strategies. This paper examines the latest efforts to manage space debris, including electrodynamic tethers, laser-based deorbiting, and drag-enhancing materials. Additionally, policy frameworks such as debris tracking improvements and international collaboration initiatives are assessed. By evaluating current and proposed mitigation techniques, this study provides insight into the feasibility and effectiveness of different solutions in ensuring long-term orbital sustainability.