Harnessing Technological Innovations for Climate Change Mitigation: A Systematic Review of Business and Economic Impacts

This systematic literature review examines the convergence of technological innovation with climate change mitigation, emphasising the resultant business and economic ramifications. This analysis examines 61 peer-reviewed, open-access papers from 2015 to 2025, following the PRISMA technique to synthesise information regarding the application of digital and green technologies across industries in tackling climate challenges. The findings indicate that advancements like artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things IoT, big data analytics, and renewable energy technologies fulfill two functions: promoting environmental sustainability and bolstering corporate competitiveness. Technological integration has enhanced ESG performance, enabled circular economy practices, and promoted low-carbon transitions across sectors including as manufacturing, energy, logistics, and finance. The research indicates that digital transformation, in conjunction with contextual governance, organisational preparation, and strategic leadership, serves as a catalyst for sustainable innovation. Green financial instruments, such as carbon trading schemes, green bonds, and fintech platforms, serve as facilitators for connecting investments with sustainability objectives. The study provides a thorough understanding of the strategic, economic, and operational mechanisms via which technology enhances climate mitigation goals and fosters sustainable development in various socio-economic contexts.