Clinical Profile and Associated Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a growing global health burden, with a significant number of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis. Understanding the clinical profile and associated risk factors among dialysis patients is essential for early intervention and prevention strategies. Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and identify risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease among dialysis patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2022. A total of 192 dialysis-dependent CKD patients were enrolled. Data on sociodemographic variables, comorbid conditions, dialysis-related parameters, and relevant laboratory findings were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The chi-square test was used to explore associations between clinical variables and dialysis duration, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The majority of patients were male (61.5%) and within the age range of 40–59 years (44.3%). Most resided in urban areas (65.6%) and had low education and income levels. Hypertension (77.1%) and diabetes mellitus (52.6%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. Anemia was noted in 69.3% of patients, and 45.3% had a history of urinary tract infections. Hemodialysis was the primary modality (94.3%), with 58.9% receiving dialysis twice weekly. Mean hemoglobin was 9.2 ± 1.3 g/dL, and serum creatinine was 10.6 ± 2.5 mg/dL. Statistically significant associations were found between dialysis duration and hypertension (p=0.021), diabetes (p=0.035), and age group (p=0.009). Conclusion: The study reveals a high burden of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and anemia among dialysis patients with CKD. Early detection, lifestyle modification, and appropriate medical management of these conditions are crucial to delaying CKD progression and reducing the need for dialysis in resource-limited settings