Optimization of Wheel Design for NASA TSGC Lunar Personal Electric Vehicle (LPEV): A Mechanical Engineering Approach

The Lunar Personal Electric Vehicle (LPEV) project is a cornerstone of NASA’s Artemis program, which aims to establish sustainable lunar operations and prepare for future Mars exploration. This research addresses the Moon’s unique mobility challenges, including reduced gravity, abrasive regolith, and extreme temperature variations, by designing a lightweight, durable, and efficient micro-mobility solution tailored for astronauts. The study focuses on optimizing the LPEV's wheel system by exploring innovative wire mesh designs with variations in arc height, wire diameter, and materials. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is selected for its self-healing properties, resilience to mechanical stress, and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and a custom-built lunar simulation rig evaluate three-wheel prototypes—flat wire mesh, cross-pattern, and honeycomb—under simulated lunar conditions. Results identify the cross-wire design as the most effective, offering superior traction, stability, and durability while minimizing the risk of sinking into soft lunar regolith. Safety and stability enhancements include wider wheels, regolith-resistant shielding, and a velocity cap. The LPEV aligns with Artemis objectives by enabling efficient astronaut mobility across diverse terrains and reducing operational risks. Future work integrates advanced features, including gyroscopic balance systems, dust-resistant brakes, and radiation shielding, while exploring three-wheel configurations and slope performance. This research advances lunar exploration technology and establishes a scalable framework for planetary mobility solutions.