Plant-mediated synthesis of metal oxide nanocomposites: emerging prospects in electrochemical corrosion inhibition and biosensing

The growing demand for high performance, eco friendly materials for biosensing and corrosion protection has driven interest in plant-mediated metal oxide nanocomposites. This review critically examines recent advances in the green synthesis of plant mediated as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, focousing on their dual applications in electrochemical biosensing and corrosion inhibition. These nanomaterials offer enhanced physicochemical properties such as stability, conductivity and surface reactivity, which support sensitive analyte detection and formation of protective films on the metal surfaces. The article discusses synthesis methods, characterization techniques, electrochemical performance metrics, and application specific functionalities, identifying key challenges including reproducibility, real-sample performance, and scale up feasibility. Findings indicate the plant-based nanocomposites can match or exceed conventional materials in performance, offering sustainable alternatives aligned with environment and health safety standards. The review provides an integrated perspective on multifunctional, highlighting their transformative potential in sustainable biosensing platforms and corrosion-resistant technologies across environmental, biomedical, industrial domains.