Recent advances in carbon-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation toward circular economy

Thermo-catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation with renewable energy-powered green H 2 is one of the most promising approaches for simultaneously producing fuels and chemicals (i.e., syngas, alcohol, and olefins,) and achieve a circular carbon economy. In order to successfully deploy commercial-scale CO 2 hydrogenation, numerous investigations have been conducted on synthesis of high-performance catalysts. The carbon-based catalysts with certain functionalization treatments have superior properties for achieving excellent CO 2 hydrogenation. Based on existing research findings, it is necessary to summarize the latest developments in the field of thermo-catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation for significantly contribute to the ongoing research and development in this vital area. In this review, we addressed current advances in the fabrication of carbon-based catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation with representatives of porous carbon (PC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon materials. Detailed comprehensive assessments of carbon-based catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation, involving the properties of support and metal, catalytic activity and selectivity, and their interactions were systematically discussed. Finally, future challenges and research trends in the development of carbon-based catalysts for commercial-scale CO 2 hydrogenation were addressed, shedding valuable lights on circular carbon economy and achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals including Goals 7, 12, and 13.