Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters based on grey relational analysis

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling has been extensively utilized in industrial component fabrication due to its cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity. Current research predominantly focuses on analyzing the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts, yet lacks practically actionable frameworks for production. According to this, it proposes a production-oriented optimization methodology that prioritizes both mechanical performance and manufacturing efficiency. Through systematic analysis, operationally feasible parameters that significantly influence both mechanical properties and manufacturing efficiency were identified. A grey relational analysis (GRA) framework was subsequently applied to perform multi-objective optimization of these parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization methodology effectively identifies optimal process parameters, providing actionable insights for guiding production practices.